If there is been a single immutable rule all through American tv background, it has been nearby information. Almost from the moment the station initially signed on air, they began carrying neighborhood information where sports activities generally performed a major position. An absence of consistent programming sources in these early several years led lots of stations to turn to sports activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its to start with broadcast was an experienced baseball video game ("NBC Record", 2003). When creating neighborhood newscasts to match their viewers, these stations commonly bundled sports and weather. By way of example, in 1961 WKMG started off its to start with comprehensive-time information Office in Orlando. Newscasts include Frank Vaught's sports reviews ("The background of," 2003).
Sports activities have held a dominant place in neighborhood news broadcasting for numerous a long time, but modern industry trends have called into question this position. Segmented audiences, changing demographics, and declining information profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its community athletics section. “Sports activities is probably the previous areas of TV where by people today do points how they constantly have,” states television govt Elliott Wiser. “(Nowadays) a fresh strategy is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Trouble for Community Tv set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Project for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Affiliation(“Transforming channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Problem for Community Television Sports
None of the is good news for that nearby tv sports activities sector, which happens to be progressively under scrutiny from station execs. Irrespective of its conventional existence within regional newscasts, sports have prolonged been considered a "tuning" variable. In line with a study through the Radio and tv Information Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers said they have been 'pretty interested' in athletics and 32% were being 'fairly fascinated' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed interest while in the temperature. "Sports activities are really polarizing." said television news guide Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, depart, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific tests have revealed that Ladies are much a lot less interested in sports activities than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted appropriately. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the Activity from its early evening newscasts. Based on station news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when no person is listening will not be a very good use of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eliminated the sport, while some have reduced their allotted time. According to the day on the 7 days (weekends have additional sporting activities time), sporting activities segments have customarily been given between three and 5 minutes of area information protection. Since range is right down to a couple of minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Lower time for sports activities by just 3 as well as a fifty percent minutes for three hours of stories. Many others during the marketplace have carried out new techniques, for example sports activities stories that concentrate more on people than scores or cater to the broader information audience. "What we are seeking to do now's deal with sports as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We wish to do a thing over and above sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Dialogue
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Tv set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Alterations in nearby sports activities might be a mirrored image on the great upheaval taking place through broadcast news. If your sports activities sector is now not Risk-free, How about other news elements? CBS Team Information Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) said, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] design.”
On a far more quick amount, adjustments in the regional sports sector specifically impact Countless aspiring sportscasters. Stations which can be lessening their dedication to athletics can also be minimizing their sporting activities workforce stages, which impacts The work marketplace. A different information director stated, "[Athletics on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two full-time sportsmen to 1 스포츠중계 full-time, a single answerable for the news three days weekly, and it absolutely was a fight to stay there.”
Equally significant, changes in the way in which sports activities are offered are forcing sporting activities broadcasters to learn new techniques. Not can sportscasters center on scoring. They may have to make the presentation a lot more participating for regular enthusiasts. This is certainly also vital for journalism colleges across the country, which must document what stations want while in the athletics sector and update their education curricula.
Will these improvements do the job or persist? Sporting activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented over the improve in KDKA, “Enable’s reserve remaining judgment until September, in the event the Steelers, college, and highschool soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station might be . There may be an mistake in clock management.”